I noticed that when players don't have training hours they actually lose skill points. Is this true for everyone?
1
Yes. Training is the only method to affect player stats. Playing solo queue or team ranked has no affect, positive or negative, on their stats.
2
Is there a constant rate of decay?
1
The older a player is and the higher their stats the greater the decay will be. I don't know whether anybody has figured out the math behind it though.